You may have seen this chart on the actual, perceived, and ideal distributions of wealth in the US.

Wealth inequality refers to this unequal distribution of financial assets among US residents. It’s related to income inequality, but refers to what you keep as opposed to what you get. Income inequality has also been increasing in the US. If you’re wondering where the numbers come from or why this is a problem, check out this video:
And, of course, poor people are less likely to be healthy and more likely to be fat.
More:
NY Times Topics: Income Inequality
NY Times: Inequality is Most Extreme in Wealth, not Income
Washington Post: How fighting income inequality became Obama’s driving force
Wikipedia: Economic Inequality
Thompson and Smeeding, Inequality in the Great Recession – The Case of the United States (PDF)
Oxfam: The cost of inequality: how wealth and income extremes hurt us all
Australian income & wealth inequality
BBC: The Wealth Gap – Inequality in Numbers (UK)
Feel free to include more links in the comments.
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